应用GM(1,1)灰色模型预测全国甲状腺癌发病趋势北大核心

目的:探讨应用GM(1,1)灰色模型在全国及分性别、地区的甲状腺癌发病率预测中的可行性,为制定措施预防甲状腺癌发病提供参考。方法:甲状腺癌发病数据来源于2008至2018年《中国肿瘤登记年报》,通过建立模型评价其预测效果并预测未来5年的发病率。结果:全国及分性别(男、女)、地区(城市、农村)甲状腺癌发病率预测模型分别为x^((1))(k+1)=37.5326e^(0.1152k)-33.2326(C=0.2083,P=1.00)、x^((1))(k+1)=15.6257e 0.1239k-13.6457(C=0.1969,P=1.00)、x^((1))(k+1)=59.7419e^(0.113k)-53.0619(C=0.2150,P=1.00)、x^((1))(k+1)=35.4451e ^(0.1408k)-30.2251(C=0.1519,P=1.00)、x^((1))(k+1)=16.7016e^(0.1294k)-15.0216(C=0.4918,P=1.00)。结论:GM(1,1)灰色预测模型可较好的拟合全国及分性别、城市的甲状腺癌发病率变化趋势并预测,对农村的拟合效果稍差。预测未来5年全国及分性别、地区甲状腺癌发病率将持续上升,提示应采取有针对性的措施加以预防。     

现实主义综述在护理领域的应用进展

介绍现实主义综述的定义、哲学基础和实施步骤，以及该方法学在护理领域的研究范围、应用现状及优势和不足，旨在提高护理研究者对现实主义综述的认识，为开展现实主义的护理相关研究提供思路。     

电针联合右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术中应激的影响研究

目的：探讨电针联合右美托咪定对老年骨科患者术中应激的影响。方法：选取拟行手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者56例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为单纯全麻组、电针复合全麻组（简称复合电针组）、右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称复合右美组）及电针联合右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称针药复合组），各14例。记录各组各时间点血压、心率、血氧饱和度等各项监护指标，术前、术后神经心理学指标（简易智力检查评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分）及各时间点血糖水平，术中心血管活性药物使用情况及患者住院天数。结果：术后各时间点针药复合组简易智力检查评分高于单纯全麻组（P＜0.05）；术后72 h内，针药复合组疼痛评分低于其他三组（P＜0.05）；针药复合组术中循环系统指标及血糖水平更稳定；针药复合组术后意识恢复时间最短（P＜0.05）；四组术后呼吸恢复时间与住院天数比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；四组心血管活性药物使用率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：老年骨科患者手术中采用电针联合右美托咪定治疗，能够稳定围术期血糖、术中循环系统指标水平，减少术后认知功能障碍发生率，显著降低术中应激水平。     

Bioinformatics Analyses of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Axis in HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Aims: We aimed to explore the crucial miRNA-mRNA axis through bioinformatics analysis and provide evidences for the development of pathophysiological mechanisms and new therapies for HBV-related HCC.Methods: MiRNA ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE76903","term_id":"76903"}}GSE76903) and mRNA ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE77509","term_id":"77509"}}GSE77509) dataset were used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) using R software. Overlapping genes between DE-mRNAs and target genes of DE-miRNAs were identified as candidate genes. Hub genes were obtained via cytohubba analysis. The expression at protein and mRNA levels and prognostic value of hub genes were evaluated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Key miRNA-mRNA axes were constructed according to predicted miRNA-mRNA pairs. MiRNA expression and prognostic role were respectively identified using starBase v3.0 and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Real-time PCR was performed to verify the expression of crucial miRNAs and mRNAs. Coexpression of crucial miRNA and mRNA were analyzed using starBase v3.0.Results: CDK1, CCNB1, CKS2 and CCNE1 were screened as hub genes, which were significantly upregulated at protein and mRNA levels. These up-regulated hub genes were also significantly associated with poor prognosis. Hsa-mir-195-5p/CDK1, hsa-mir-5589-3p/CCNB1 and hsa-let-7c-3p/CKS2 were screened as critical miRNA-mRNA axes. Critical miRNAs were decreased in HCC, which indicates unfavourable prognosis. QPCR results showed that crucial miRNAs were decreased, whereas critical mRNAs were increased in HBV-related HCC. A reverse relationship between miRNA and mRNA in crucial axis was further verified.Conclusion: This study identified several miRNA-mRNA axes in HBV-related HCC. Hsa-mir-195-5p/CDK1, hsa-mir-5589-3p/CCNB1 and hsa-let-7c-3p/CKS2 might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.     

度洛西汀联合羟考酮缓释片、唑来膦酸治疗骨转移中重度神经病理性癌痛的疗效观察

目的 观察羟考酮缓释片、唑来膦酸联合两类不同的辅助镇痛药对骨转移中重度神经病理性癌痛(MNP)患者的疗效和安全性.方法 将117例骨转移癌合并中重度MNP的患者按双盲、随机数字表法分为A组(羟考酮+唑来膦酸)、B组(度洛西汀+羟考酮+唑来膦酸)、C组(普瑞巴林+羟考酮+唑来膦酸),每组39例.比较3组患者治疗前后的数字评分法(NRS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、羟考酮人均日剂量、爆发痛人均日发作次数、生活质量(QOL)评分、不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗后1个月B组和C组羟考酮人均日剂量均低于A组,爆发痛人均日发作次数均少于A组,QOL评分均高于A组(P﹤0.05),B组和C组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).3组患者的NRS、HAMD和HAMA评分在治疗后均随时间逐渐下降(P﹤0.05);治疗后1周、2周、1个月时A组患者NRS评分均高于B组和C组,C组患者NRS评分高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),B组和C组患者HAMD和HAMA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).治疗后1个月3组患者各不良反应发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 羟考酮缓释片、唑来膦酸联用度洛西汀比联用普瑞巴林能更有效地降低骨转移中重度MNP患者的疼痛评分,并能有效减少爆发痛次数、羟考酮用量,改善抑郁、焦虑、生活质量,安全性较好.     

医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动对轻中度稳定期COPD的作用

目的 探讨医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动在轻中度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果.方法 选取2017年7月至2019年7月该院就诊的轻中度稳定期COPD患者100例为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组,每组50例.在医院-家庭过渡期间,对照组给予常规药物处理及门诊呼吸功能训练、氧疗等,试验组在对照组的基础上给予有氧运动,治疗10周后比较2组肺功能、血气功能、6分钟步行试验(6 MWT)、日常活动能力(ADL)、呼吸困难评价(BS)评分、生活质量变化[采用圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)进行评估],并比较2组不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗10周后,试验组用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及FEV1/FVC均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组动脉氧分压、6 MWT均显著高于对照组,二氧化碳分压显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组ADL评分显著高于对照组,BS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组呼吸症状、活动能力、疾病影响及SGRQ总分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组均未出现心肌梗死、脑出血、心绞痛等严重不良事件.结论 医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动可显著提升轻中度稳定期COPD患者心、肺功能及日常生活能力,缓解呼吸困难症状,提高生活质量.     

染色体微阵列产前诊断8q13.3微缺失一例

目的应用染色体微阵列分析(chromosome microarray analysis,CMA)技术对1例超声结构异常胎儿进行全基因组拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs)检测,探讨CMA在超声结构异常胎儿产前诊断中的意义。方法应用常规G显带染色体核型分析胎儿及其父母的染色体核型,应用CMA技术分析胎儿及其父母的CNVs。结果G显带核型分析显示胎儿核型与母亲一致,为46,XN,t(8;11)(q21.2;q13)mat,父亲核型正常;父母CMA检测结果均未见异常;胎儿的检测结果为arr[GRCh37]8q13.3(71314082-73322915)×1,提示一条8号染色体的8q13.3区域发生2.00 Mb缺失。结论超声结构异常胎儿染色体核型分析检出的平衡易位,需借助CMA等技术进一步确定是否存在微缺失微重复。     

Gastrointestinal immunopathology of food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome and other non-immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergic diseases

ObjectiveTo provide a concise summary of the current literature regarding gastrointestinal immunopathology of food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and other non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated food allergic diseases.Data SourcesData were extracted from PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases.Study SelectionsOriginal articles, review articles, and guidelines published in the past 5 years in peer-reviewed journals were first summarized. The original articles cited were then reviewed and relevant results were extracted.ResultsPatients with FPIES and non-IgE–mediated food allergic diseases developed vomiting, diarrhea, and food aversion expelled food allergen from their bodies. Aside from T helper type 2 (T_H2) immunity, T_H1, T_H17, innate immunity, and epithelial mucosal barrier defect were also found to be important in the pathogenesis. Eosinophils, widely identified in the biopsy samples, were key players or were late-recruited cells for tissue repairs in those diseases. Intestinal dysbiosis and their metabolites stimulated enterochromaffin cells or enteroendocrine cells to produce serotonin, interfering with intestinal motility and subsequently affecting brain function. FPIES and non-IgE–mediated food allergic diseases were likely part of the atopic march. Allergic inflammation in intestinal mucosa might result in subsequent inflammation in the airway mucosa, suggesting the theory of “one mucosa, one disease.”ConclusionThe immune responses of FPIES and non-IgE–mediated food allergic diseases were not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, but also trigger wider inflammatory responses beyond it. Further research will be required to determine the systemic effect and intestinal microbiome of those diseases.